Brave New World A Struggle Between the Genius and the...

After the publishing of Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, modern literature has changed forever. It is considered a masterpiece and one of the pillars of the dystopian novel. However, both of those affirmations can be called into question. The former based on a subjective opinion of a reader and the latter through compromising its dystopian nature. Similarly to George Orwell’s novels, the main appeal of Brave New World is within the ideas it contains, not within its literary merits. Huxley’s talent is essentially composed of his ideas and the attitude he assumes towards the problems he presents. He took full advantage of his endowment in Brave New World Revisited, a non fiction work sequel to Brave New World. The sequel is devoid of a†¦show more content†¦Aldous Huxley himself seems to be more concerned with the scientific aspect of Brave New World than with literary techniques and qualities. In a later edition of his novel, he expressed his opinion that : One vast and obvious failure of foresight is immediately apparent, Brave New World contains no reference to nuclear fission. Evidently, he pondered the topic of Brave New World over and over and was not afraid to admit his faults. This utterly scientific approach is illustrated by his formulation of the sequel, Brave New World Revisited. Clearly Huxley must have seen Brave New World as more than just a literary fiction novel, if he was so persistant he felt the need to recapitulate all his ideas after almost thirty years and furthermore, abandon the literary fiction. Having said that, it must be acknowledged that if Brave New World would have been written as a non fiction work, a scientific essay for example, it would have never been able to spread to the extent it did as a novel. That is a motive possibly explaining Huxley’s choice of genre. But does someone who does not care about science deserve to enjoy the merits of scientific prognosis? Whether such person does or d oes not deserve it is controvertible to judge, therefore whether the motive was justifying Huxley’s decision or not can be disputed. But Brave New World could only profit from being refined for less general audience. One of the most interesting elements in Brave New World is theShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesDESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Alana Filipovich Jeof Vita Arthur Medina Allison Morris This book was set in 10/12 New Caledonia by Aptara ®, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Westford. The cover was printed by Courier/Westford. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 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Free Candide Essays The Good And Evil - 942 Words

The Good and Evil in Candide Candide was brought up in Westphalia in Europe in the castle with the Baron of Thunder-Ten-Tronckh, the baroness, their daughter Cunegonde and their son Maximilian. (Hellman, 2008) Candide was considered a bastard son of his sister and is the nephew of the Baron. (Hellman, 2008) Candide fell in love with his daughter Cunegonde and confessed his love to her but the baron would not have his daughter marrying a bastard child, so the Baron kicked Candide out of Westphalia. (Puchner, 2012) The easy laid back life he once known is no longer in existence. Candide now has to rely on being optimistic and living on Pangloss’s (his Tutor) Philosophical side which he greatly looks up to. By doing so, Candide has to learn to reject the evil around him so it doesn’t swallow him up and take over the good that he possesses. The world is full of evil that he will soon embark upon and will see how the other side has to live being poor. Candide’s faith is tested in several adventur es full of misfortune and disaster. (Hellman, 2008) Even though Candide was raised to only believe in the good in the world and to always look on the bright side of things, evil did consume him at times. It was stated that â€Å"Candide faces the first contradiction of his optimistic vision of the world: he is a commoner and bastard, and cannot marry Cunegonde, the noble daughter of the Baron† (Hellman, 2008). After he was kicked out of Westphalian there was invaders who ravaged andShow MoreRelatedFree Candide Essays : The Good And Evil950 Words   |  4 PagesThe Good and Evil in Candide Candide was raised up in Westphalia in Europe in the castle with the Baron of Thunder-Ten-Tronckh, the baroness, their daughter Cunegonde and their son Maximilian. (Hellman, 2008) Candide was considered a bastard son from his sister and is the nephew of the Baron. (Hellman, 2008) Candide fell in love with his daughter Cunegonde and confessed his love to her, but the baron would not have his daughter marrying a bastard child, so the Baron booted Candide out of WestphaliaRead MoreEssay about Use of Satire in Voltaires Candide1568 Words   |  7 PagesSatire in Voltaires Candide Voltaires Candide is the story of how one mans adventures affect his philosophy on life. Candide begins his journey full of optimism that he lives in the best of all possible worlds, but he learns that it is naà ¯ve to say that good will eventually come of any evil.   Voltaire successfully uses satire as a means of conveying his opinions about many aspects of European society in the eighteenth century.   He criticizes religion, the evils found in every levelRead MoreWhat was the historical significance of Voltaires Candide and its relevance during the Enlightenment?1445 Words   |  6 PagesWhat was the historical significance of Voltaires Candide and its relevance during the Enlightenment? In his work, Candide, Voltaire uses satire as a means of conveying his opinions about many aspects of European society in the eighteenth century, a period known as the Enlightenment. This Age of Reason swept through Europe, offering differing views on science, religion, and politics. The following essay will outline the philosophical theory of Pangloss, a character of the novel and suggestRead More A Comparison of the Ideals of Bronte in Jane Eyre and Voltaire in Candide2672 Words   |  11 PagesThe Ideals of Bronte in Jane Eyre and Voltaire in Candide      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Subjective novelists tend to use personal attitudes to shape their characters. Whether it be an interjection of opinion here, or an allusion to personal experience there, the beauty of a story lies in the clever disclosure of the authors personality. Charlotte Bronte and Voltaire are no exceptions. Their most notable leading characters, Jane Eyre and Candide, represent direct expressions of the respective authors emotions andRead MoreSocial Issues of Poverty and Class Distinction during the Enlightenment Period2339 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Social Issues of Poverty and Class Distinction during the Enlightenment Time Period Introduction Candide takes the form of a classic journey story and Candide must endure a series of misfortunes and trials before he can be reunited with his beloved and regain a qualified kind of redemption. It is in the misfortunes that Candide and others suffer in the novel that Voltaire cuts through the pretensions and hypocrisies of the Age of Reason (Cohen). The philosopher Pangloss, Candides tutor, insistsRead MoreThe Life And Death Of Satire2426 Words   |  10 Pagesthe underworld to get the famous playwright Euripides back from the dead. With growth comes broadening and change, with works such as A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift, or Candide by Voltaire. A Modest Proposal is an essay that creates a horrifying and inhumane way to deal with poverty, which was rampant at the time. Candide is Voltaire’s satirical adventure novel that has the incompetent titular character travel the globe to regain his beautiful love. Satire then expands and incorporates more modernRead MoreMWDS Ca ndide4817 Words   |  20 Pages Major Work Data Sheet: Candide Title: Candide Author: Voltaire Date of Publication: 1759 Genre: Satire, ‘Conte Philosophique’ (Philosophical Fiction) Biographical information about the author: Francois-Marie Arouet, better known as Voltaire, was born in 1694 in Paris, France. Though his father wanted him to become a lawyer, Voltaire long held a great passion for writing, and rather than going to law school, spent his time extensively composing poetry, essays, and historical studies. His widespreadRead MoreCompare Candide and Tartuffe5528 Words   |  23 Pagescharacters, which satirized the Neo-Classic belief system.     Ã‚   In  Candide, Voltaires approach is called black comedy. Many devastating factors play into the characters lives that causes the reader to be amused in a cynical way in order to guard their inner feelings. He challenges society as a whole by the way he implements real life occurrences into his writing and makes them come alive. This becomes evident when Dr. Pangloss told Candide what came of Cunegonde at the castle of Westphalia after he leftRead MoreLeibniz and the Problem of Evil3712 Words   |  15 PagesTHE PROBLEM OF EVIL BY OKOJIE E. PETER epo4escriva@yahoo.com MAY 2013 INTRODUCTION For many centuries, philosophers have been discussing evil, how it exists in the world, and how this relates to God. The discussion on evil and its relations to us is not an easy one though. It is commonly called the problem of evil. The problem of evil in contemporary philosophy is generally regarded as an argument for atheism. The atheist contends that God and evil are incompatible, and given th at evil clearly existsRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesAP ENGLISH LIT AND COMP FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS 2004 (Form A): Critic Roland Barthes has said, â€Å"Literature is the question minus the answer.† Choose a novel or play and, considering Barthes’ Observation, write an essay in which you analyze a central question the work raises and the extent to which it offers any answers. Explain how the author’s treatment of this question affects your understanding of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. You may select a work from the list below or another

Debut Albums and Simple Chinese Proverb free essay sample

Debut Albums and Simple Chinese Proverb BY Quasar Why do we rush through our lives, as if we were in a hurry to get somewhere? Take me anywhere, Just not to here! Why so? Sure, I am the first to admit that goals are Important in life, but if we dont take time to look around and enjoy the journey our goals will loose their effect; they are to make us happy now. Today. That Is why I like this simple Chinese proverb: The Journey Is the Reward If we enjoy our Journey our lives gain meaning. Its as simple as that.Lets not think hat the only important thing is that celestial glory which awaits us some time farmer In the future. Seeing how wonderful this life Is, here and now, lets us experience the sparking of that celestial flame In a hearts already today. I love what Shannon Remarries to say about happiness because I think sometimes we can get so caught up In self Improvement, paying the bills, Ralston perfect children, getting the next promotion, or living for some moment In the future that we forget to enjoy this moment, right here and right now. We will write a custom essay sample on Debut Albums and Simple Chinese Proverb or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its hard to be happy when youre starting at some point on the horizon Instead of looking at where you are right now. .. L have so much I want in life. But what if I decided that what I have is enough? That we are enough? And therein lies the happy. Remembering and believing that I am enough. That all of the self-improvements I have on my list dont mean that the self I am now is not k. Happiness. My happiness, is right here. In this moment. Right now. I am standing knee deep in my happy. I Just need to look around to see it.

Trifles by Susan Glaspell and The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopins

Proposal This paper will be aimed at discussing such literary works as the play Trifles written Susan Glaspell and Kate Chopin’s short story The Story of an Hour. In particular, it is necessary to examine the views on marriage expressed by these authors. Much attention should be paid to the similarities and differences in the themes that these writers focus on.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Trifles by Susan Glaspell and The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin’s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Overall, this topic has been chosen because it plays an important role for these feminist writers who want to highlight the problems that could be faced by women living in patriarchic societies. So, this question is helpful for studying various works of Susan Glaspell and Kate Chopin. Furthermore, this topic is important for understanding the problems that feminist movement tried to address at the begin ning of the twentieth century. This is why I have decided to focus on this particular topic in this essay. My major argument will be based primarily on the analysis of the main characters’ behavior, especially their reactions to different challenges. In particular, I will focus on the way in which these women perceive their marriage. On the whole, I will argue that Susan Glaspell and Kate Chopin demonstrate that marriage can turn some form of oppression because it deprives them of their independence or dignity. This is the main similarity that can be identified. However, Minnie decides to use force in order to end the humiliation to which she is subjected to. In contrast, Mrs. Mallard does not want to acknowledge that her marriage is unhappy. Moreover, she is extremely ashamed of her willingness to leave her husband. In other words, these characters do not have the same attitudes toward the social norms and expectations that are set for women. This is the thesis that I will d iscuss in greater detail. Essay The attitudes toward family and gender roles have been described in various literary works that could have been created during different periods. These questions are explored by such authors Susan Glaspell and Kate Chopin.Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such works as Trifles and The Story of an Hour can be regarded as eloquent examples of feminist literature since they can throw light on the peculiarities of a patriarchal society in which women are not allowed to be autonomous and self-sufficient. This is one of the main themes that can be singled out. Overall, one can say that these writers describe the experiences of women who are strongly dissatisfied with their marriage because they crave for personal dignity and independence that are denied to them. These are the things that Mrs. Mallard and Minnie lack. However, these character s respond to these hardships in different ways. In particular, Minnie kills her husband because; to a great extent, it is her response to his continuous abuse. In contrast, Mrs. Mallard is not ready to acknowledge that she is glad to live without her husband. She does not want to say that marriage can turn into a disaster for a person. Therefore, the characters described by Susan Glaspell and Kate Chopin respond to social injustice in different ways. These are the main questions that should be examined closely. On the whole, this discussion can show that marriage is described as the union in which the rights of both partners are not always equal. First of all, Susan Glaspell and Kate Chopin throw light on the life of families in which women are forced to play certain gender roles that are imposed on them. In particular, these women are deprived of their freedom and dignity. This point can be illustrated with the help of several examples. For instance, one can look at the way in whic h Mrs. Mallard responds to the news about her husband’s death. Kate Chopin describes her reaction in the following way, ‘When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under the breath: â€Å"free, free, free!’ (Chopin 53). This quote is important for showing that Mrs. Mallard does not view her marriage as something valuable (Chopin 53). This is one of the aspects that can be singled out. It is possible to say that marriage is not satisfying for the main character of Susan Glaspell’s play. The author does not directly describe her experiences. However, the writer provides several eloquent details.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Trifles by Susan Glaspell and The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin’s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, the visitors can find the body of the dead canary that was killed by Minnie’s husband (Glaspell 44). However, male investigators of the murder dismiss this evidence by arguing that â€Å"women are used to worrying about trifles† (Glaspell 38). This quote is important for showing that Minnie’s inner world is completely overlooked by men. To a great extent, the husband’s cruelty is one of the factors that prompted her to kill him. Yet, this idea does not even occur to the police officers. Overall, family life is practically unbearable for each of these characters. This is one of the details that can be singled out. Susan Glaspell and Kate Chopin show that marriage produced a devastating effect on the inner world of these characters. Much attention should be paid to such a theme as lack of personal fulfillment which is critical for every individual. Both characters suffer because their personal needs are continuously disregarded. However, there are important distinctions that should be considered. First of all, Mrs. Mallar d is unable to acknowledge that she wants to â€Å"live for herself† (Chopin 53). In her opinion, such a desire is â€Å"monstrous† (Chopin 53). The protagonist does not admit that she does not want to grieve for her husband’s death (Chopin 53). She believes that her inability to feel the sense of loss will be condemned by other people. This character suffers a heart attack when she finds out her husband has not died. This is one of the aspects that can be distinguished. In contrast, Minnie is able to live without her husband. She is ready to defy the social traditions according to which women are obliged to accept the rules set by males. One can say that Mrs. Mallard is afraid of stating that she wants to end her marriage. This is one of the distinctions that can be identified since it is important for describing the differences between these literary works. It should be borne in mind that these texts were written during different periods, and they can show how women’s values evolved. They became more willing to challenge the authority of males. Thus, Minnie deviates from the established social tradition. Certainly, it is difficult to find an ethical justification for murder or any other forms of violence. However, this behavior is a response to suffering and injustice. This is one of the points that can be made.Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Certainly, it is possible to raise some objections to the arguments that have been placed in the paper. For instance, one can mention that both authors do not speak about the relations between the main characters and their spouses. These issues are not explicitly described by the writers. In particular, the readers do not know much about the behavior of Brently Mallard whose personality is not examined by Kate Chopin. Additionally, this author does not speak about the way in which he treats his wife. This is one of the flaws that should be considered. Furthermore, Susan Glaspell does not pay much attention to the relations between Minnie and her husband John Wright. Moreover, the author does not explicitly tell that the main character killed her spouse. This is only the assumption that cannot be fully verified. These are some of the limitations that should be considered. Yet, one can respond to these objections. For instance, it is necessary to keep in mind that as a reporter Susan Glaspell often wrote about women who were accused of murders (Ben-Zwi 141). Moreover, in many cases, these women were victims of abuse or humiliation (Ben-Zwi 142). This story is partly based on the life of Margaret Hossack who murdered her husband because of his abuse. Therefore, one can argue that Minnie could be humiliated or abused by her husband. Moreover, it is important to remember that Kate Chopin’s short story is also based on the real-life events (Toth 10). In particular, she wrote about women who were compelled to marry (Toth 10). Apart from that, she had to end the short story with the death of the main character, otherwise this literary work might not have been published (Toth 10; Berkove 152). These examples indicate that at the end of the nineteenth century, women were not supposed to be independent from males. Therefore, it is quite possible to identify the connections between the feminist movement and the literary works of Kate Chopin and Susan Glaspell who w ant to throw light on the difficulties faced by women. On the whole, this discussion suggests that these short stories present a critique of marriage. In both cases, the writers show that women could be dissatisfied with this form of union. Minnie and Mrs. Mallard are not willing to reject their freedom and sense of dignity. However, they are forced to do it. To a great extent, this situation can be described by the social norms that existed during the nineteenth century. So, this is the main internal conflict that they struggle to resolve. Yet, they react to these hardships in different ways. In particular, Minnie kills her husband because in this way she attempts to retain her dignity. In contrast, Mrs. Mallard cannot openly state that she cannot live with her spouse. This is why this character is speechless when she sees her husband. Overall, the main theme is the lack of personal fulfillment and autonomy that these women lack. However, Susan Glaspell focuses on the idea of prote st against the existing social hierarchy while Kate Chopin focuses on the social norms that are aimed at subduing women. These are the main arguments that can be put forward. Works Cited Ben-Zwi, Linda. â€Å"Murder, She Wrote†: The Genesis of Susan Glaspell’s Trifles.†Ã‚  Theatre Journal 44.2 (1992): 141-162. Print. Berkove, Lawrence. â€Å"Fatal Self-Assertion in Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour.†Ã‚  American Literary Literalism 32.2 (2000): 152-158. Print. Chopin, Kate. A Pair of Silk Stockings. New York: Courier Dover Publications, 2012. Print. Glaspell, Susan. Plays by Susan Glaspell. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Print. Toth, Emily. Unveiling Kate Chopin. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi,1999. Print. This research paper on Trifles by Susan Glaspell and The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin’s was written and submitted by user Tatum Flores to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Social Classes in Britain Essay Sample free essay sample

In this essay on societal categories in Britain I will largely concentrate on construction of assorted categories in Britain and dealingss between them. I will besides depict some alterations and motions which this classes went through over the old ages. Furthermore. I will set accent on today’s of import issue in Britain. the job of category battle i. e. disparity between the rich and the hapless. Although there are assorted definitions of societal category. we may state that societal category is connected with factors such as wealth. degree of instruction and business. To be more precise in specifying it. a societal category is â€Å"a position hierarchy in which persons and groups are classified on the footing of regard and prestigiousness acquired chiefly through economic success and accretion of wealth. Social category may besides mention to any peculiar degree in such a hierarchy. † [ 1 ] Social categories represent an of import portion in people’s lives because they are indispensable to proper apprehension of British history and because category is a major British preoccupation. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Classes in Britain Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page particularly in political life. Therefore. it concerned British Prime Minister John Major twenty old ages ago in such a manner that he tried to accomplish his purpose to convey about â€Å"classless society† . He didn’t accomplish that and Britain continued to be class-bound state. [ 2 ] Class is really much nowadays in Britain. Besides him. harmonizing to Margater Thatcher: â€Å"Class. † she insisted. â€Å"is a Communist construct. It groups people as packages. and sets them against one another. † [ 3 ] We may reason that to her. category has been corruption of human behavior. Today there are six societal categories in Britain established in the 1950s and used of all time since. [ 4 ] Following categorization based on the business of the caput of the family harmonizing to National Readership Survey [ 5 ] is for 2008. The upper in-between category ( class A – high managerial. administrative or professional. 4 % ) in Britain is really little and consists largely of baronage. aristocracy and familial landholders. This category is more defined by household background than by occupation or income because these people were born into households that possessed higher incomes. In other words. it represents the wealthiest category with people holding inherited money and place. The in-between category ( class B – intermediate managerial. administrative or professional. 23 % ) in Britain consists of people who are educated in either private or province schools. Typical occupations include attorneies. physicians. designers. instructors. directors. every b it good as civil retainers and other skilled occupations. The lower in-between category ( category C1 – supervisory. clerical and junior managerial. administrative or professional. 29 % ) in Britain consists of people in white-collar occupations ( do non affect manual labour ) life in less comfortable suburbs. For illustration. they are employed as retail salesmen. railroad guards. air hose air hostesss. travel agents. low degree civil retainers etc. Members of this category frequently did non hold an university instruction until 1970s enlargement in higher instruction. The skilled on the job category ( category C2 – skilled manual workers. 21 % ) consists of people who work in skilled blue-collar occupations ( frequently involve manual labour ) . chiefly in the building and fabrication industry or as self employed contractors. The semi-skilled and unskilled working category ( category D – semi and unskilled manual workers. 15 % ) in Britain consists of people who work in blue-collar occupations with low incomes. What is typical for this category is that people do non hold chance to take portion in higher instruction. Many would travel on to work semi-skilled and unskilled occupations on the assembly lines and machine stores of Britain’s major auto mills. steel Millss. metalworkss and fabric Millss in the extremely industrialized metropoliss. Category E ( province pensionaries. insouciant or lowest grade workers. unemployed with province benefits merely. 8 % ) . known as the â€Å"underclass† consists of the long-run unemployed. occasional part-time. economic immigrants. aged pensionaries and dependant on province benefits. Many would be in public lodging or council estates. [ 6 ] While the fact that people largely mix socially with other people from the same category and milieus gives the incorrect feeling of invariable state of affairs. there has ever been major motion between categories. This motion is a effect of the fact that people move from one societal category to another during working lives. [ 7 ] Some even try to acquire into another. more flush category. through matrimony or in some other manner. â€Å"Marriage outside one’s category is much more common than it used to be. Consequently. the ‘extended’ household. including cousins. will likely include people who in their societal life belong to quite different societal categories. † [ 8 ] For illustration. during the Victorian epoch. when societal category became a national compulsion. industrialists in the House of Commons tried to achieve the position of House of Lords landholders through civilization. matrimony and rubric. [ 9 ] After the Vicorian epoch. things started to alter. â€Å"The working category is quickly worsening. In 1911 three out every four employed or freelance people were manual workers. By 1950 that proportion had fallen to two out of three. but since so has fallen to 40 per cent or so. † [ 10 ] Changes besides occurred after the Second World War. â€Å"Britain’s category construction loosened after the Second World War. The landed nobility became comparatively poorer. the figure of people in manual work decreased and the 1944 Education Act opened universities to more kids whose parents could non afford private education† . [ 11 ] â€Å"From a sociological point of position the category system in Britain changed well during the ‘Thatcher Era’ . Home ownership ( on mortgage ) was extended throughout the in-between categories and below. With the loss of the bulk of traditional working category industrial occupations from the market. a new ‘underclass’ . below working category emerged. The ‘underclass’ . defined as unemployed trusting on province benefits. is the new underside of the British category system. † [ 12 ] â€Å"Since the 1950s there has been a monolithic growing of the in-between category. But there has besides been the outgrowth of a ample ‘underclass ’ . as class E is normally known. † [ 13 ] As opposite. in the 1990s. harmonizing to Andrew Adonis and Stephen Pollard there have been discovered a new upper in-between category described as ‘the ace class’ . which consisted of elect professionals and directors. which held high wages and portion ownership. [ 14 ] Because of such state of affairs. caused by the fact that the in-between category is nomadic and fluid. there has been important alteration in per centums of families since 1992. As the in-between category is spread outing. per centums of classs A. B and C1 have increased. and per centums of classs C2. D and E have decreased. â€Å"The in-between category. in peculiar. has great fluidness and mobility. †¦ Over half of today’s in-between category started life in the on the job category. † [ 15 ] But troubles arise when â€Å"despite this fluidness. the elite of society. itself a section of the professional category. takes great attention to protect itself. This includes the ‘gent ry’ category made up chiefly of landholders. and others who move in the most sole English societal circles. † [ 16 ] Therefore. societal categories with a great trade of power are normally viewed as ‘the elites’ within their ain societies. I think the job consists of that societal categories with greater power effort to procure themselves by segregate in ‘closed circle’ above the lower categories in the hierarchy but at the disbursal of the society overall. In that manner. the category differentiation between the powerful and the powerless is more emphatic. Thus we come to a really of import issue of the category struggle or the category battle which is manifested in wealth spread between the rich and the hapless in Britain. â€Å"The category battle takes assorted signifiers. The bulk of category battles today are over ‘economic issues’ . including an increasing portion of national income. † [ 17 ] â€Å"The classical reading of category battle today is between the capitalist ( or having ) category and the labor ( or working ) category. † [ 18 ] One of the most powerful sociological accounts of societal struggle is that of Karl Marx. who posited a category battle between labor and middle class intrinsic to capitalist. industrial society. â€Å"Here is Karl Marx: ‘The history of all hitherto bing society is the history of category struggles† . [ 19 ] For Marx. category was the kernel of history an d of human behaviour and for Thatcher. as stated above. category has been the corruption of both. â€Å"Class may non be the kernel of history in the manner that the Marxists and public assistance province progressives one time believed. But neither is it the perversion of history that Margaret Thatcher claims. Taking a long and wide position. alterations in popular perceptual experiences of British society have been at least every bit of import as alterations in British society itself. and it is in the germinating relationship between these societal perceptual experiences and societal constructions that the history of category is decently to be found and to be studied. † [ 20 ] Throughout the last three centuries of Britain’s history. there has been much less grounds of category consciousness and category struggle than Marx erroneously asserted. Furthermore. it is an sarcasm that. long before John Major made the phrase stylish during the 1990s. Marx had predicted that a ‘classless society’ would one twenty-four hours come into being. [ 21 ] â€Å"Finally. the division between categories will widen and the status of the exploited worker will deteriorate so severely that societal construction prostrations: the category battle is transformed into a proletarian revol ution. The workers’ victory will extinguish the footing of category division in belongings through public ownership of the agencies of production. With the footing of categories therefore wiped off. a egalitarian society will result ( by definition ) . and since political power to protect the middle class against the workers is unneeded. political authorization and the province will shrivel off. † [ 22 ] But despite everything said. the category system in British society is alive and good and. hence. the job of category struggle is still present. Unfortunately. the spread between the rich and the hapless in Britain has about reached a record degree. â€Å"It is besides true that the ‘top’ 1 per cent has tremendous influence and control. †¦ The top 1 per cent of wealth holders likely own about one-fourth of the nation’s wealth. a big bead from the two-thirds they controlled in 1914 but a larger proportion than one might anticipate in a modern democracy. â€Å" [ 23 ] It is rather distressing information that such disproportion and inequality exist in Britain. but unluckily the really rich merely go on acquiring richer. â€Å"The latest study by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation confirmed once more what we already know about the turning spread between rich and hapless. It says that it is now greater than it has been for the last 40 old ages. There has been an addition in the figure they define as ‘breadline poor’ to around a one-fourth of all families. † [ 24 ] â€Å"By contrast the wealth of the richest in society has immensely increased. This year’s Sunday Times ‘rich list’ shows that the addition in wealth of the top 1. 000 people in Britain has been 20 % in one twelvemonth to around ?360 billion. You have to hold ?70 million merely to acquire on the bottom round of that list. † [ 25 ] That sort of informations surely tell us that the spread is excessively broad and that something must be done to contract it down. I think some of the best ways to make it are: the demand for increased revenue enhancements on the super rich. equal chances ( e. g. abolition of the public school sector ) . more equal redistribution of the wealth. the transnational companies owned by the rich demand to go publically owned etc. But this would non stop the huge inequalities in British society. nor work out jobs such as category struggle because unluckily. inequality is built into the system. Merely as Dennis Gilbert asserted: â€Å"Class is bound to be in any complex society as non all businesss are equal and tha t families do organize form of interaction that give rise to societal categories. † [ 26 ] To reason. obviously societal categories affects everyone and they are decidedly relevant. as has been proven through history of Britain. When the upper category give up from insulating itself from other categories and when rich people quit mundane ‘rat race’ to better or keep their place in societal life. possibly so will Britain make beginnings of conditions for a genuinely classless society. Although. harmonizing to per centums from NRS. there have been some betterment. there is still present really broad spread between the rich and the hapless and likely will hold existed for some clip. Hence Britain must set all its attempt into contracting the wealth spread and stamp downing category battle because â€Å"classes do non be because there is a struggle ; the struggle exists because there are categories and it is easy for the strong to work the weak. The category domination is in economic favoritism and non in the colour of your tegument or your gender. To take the si de of the hapless or the rich is to take against the other. the oppressed against the oppressors. one category against the other. † [ 27 ] Bibliography 1. ) Business Dictionary. Social Class: Definition. 2010. 24 June 2011. 2. ) David Cannadine. The Rise and Fall of Class in Britain. 2010. 24 June2011. 3. ) Social class. A Categorization Tool. 2009. Ipsos MediaCT. 24 June 2011.4. ) McDowall. D. ( 2000. ) . Britain in close-up. London: Longman 5. ) James Petras. Capitalism and Class Struggle. 25 April 2011. 24 June 2011. 6. ) The Latter Rain Page. Class Struggle. 2009. 25 June 2011. 7. ) R. J. Rimmel. Marxism. Class Conflict and the Conflict Helix. 2010. 26 June 2011. 8. ) Socialist Party. Social Class in Britain Today. 30 August 2007. 26 June 2011. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. socialistparty. org. uk/articles/3075 gt ; 9. ) Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Social Structure of the United Kingdom. 18 June 2011. 26 June 2011. 10. ) Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Social Class: United Kingdom. 20 June 2011. 26 June 2011. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Social_class # United_Kingdom gt ; 11. ) Andy McSmith. The Large Question: Has the Divide Between Britain’s Social Classes Really Narrowed? . 4 November 2008. The Independent. 26 June 2011.hypertext transfer protocol: //www. independent. co. uk/news/uk/home-news/the-big-question-has-the-divide-between-britains-social-classes-really-narrowed. hypertext markup language gt ; ———————–[ 1 ] Business Dictionary. Social Class: Definition. 2010[ 2 ] McDowall D. . 2000. . p. 93.[ 3 ] Cannadine D. The Rise and Fall of Class in Britain. 2010[ 4 ] McDowall D. . 2000. . p. 93.[ 5 ] Social class. A Categorization Tool. 2009[ 6 ] Social construction of the United Kingdom. 18 June 2011[ 7 ] McDowall D. . 2000. . p. 93.[ 8 ] McDowall D. . 2000. . p. 93.[ 9 ] Social Class: United Kingdom. 20 June 2011[ 10 ] McDowall D. . 2000. . p. 93.[ 11 ] McSmith A. The large inquiry: Has the divide between Britain’s societal categories truly narrowed? . 4 Nov 2008 [ 12 ] Social Class: United Kingdom. 20 June 2011[ 13 ] McDowall D. . 2000. . p. 93.[ 14 ] Social Class: United Kingdom. 20 June 2011[ 15 ] McDowall D. . 2000. . p. 93.[ 16 ] McDowall D. . 2000. . p. 93.[ 17 ] Petras J. Capitalism and Class Struggle. 25 April 2011[ 18 ] The Latter Rain Page. Class Struggle. 2009[ 19 ] Cannadine D. The Rise and Fall of Class in Britain. 2010 [ 20 ] Cannadine D. The Rise and Fall of Class in Britain. 2010 [ 21 ] Cannadine D. The Rise and Fall of Class in Britain. 2010 [ 22 ] R. J. Rimmel. Marxism. Class Conflict and the Conflict Helix. 2010 [ 23 ] McDowall D. . 2000. . p. 95. [ 24 ] Socialist Party. Social Class in Britain Today. 30 August 2007 [ 25 ] Socialist Party. Social Class in Britain Today. 30 August 2007 [ 26 ] Social Class: United Kingdom. 20 June 2011[ 27 ] The Latter Rain Page. Class Struggle. 2009

Logistics Issues Facing Both Easyjet and Ryanair

Logistics Issues Facing Both Easyjet and Ryanair Free Online Research Papers 1. INTRODUCTION After the deregulation of the airline industry in Europe which became fully effective in April 1997, one of the main and most interesting aspects of the free market has been the entry in the industry of Low Cost Airlines (LCA). Taking their business model from American air carrier Southwest, Ryanair and its Luton-based rival EasyJet are by far the largest low cost airlines in Europe. Even though the two firms have slightly different strategies the competition between them is extremely intense. This paper will be made up of three parts: first a general description will present some interesting figures of both companies EasyJet and Ryanair followed by a more accurate explanation of their strategies and eventually logistics issues will be discussed. 2. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION LCA fly to short-haul destinations and use only one or two types of aircraft. Most competitors have chosen the Boeing 737 to have large flexibility, fewer stand-by crews, and lower training and maintenance costs (Cranfield University Report, 2000). 2.1 Fleet Headquartered in Luton, UK, EasyJet is one of the leading low fare airlines in the European airline market, with a fleet of 122 aircrafts in 2006 from which 35 are Boeing 737 and 87 are Airbus A319s (see Appendix, Table 1).The age average of the aircrafts being 2.2 years. Meanwhile Ryanair’s fleet is made of 120 Boeing 737 with a capacity of 189 passengers each. 2.2 Employees On the 30th of September 2006, EasyJet employed 4,859 people. Among them were cabin crew, pilots, baggage handling agents and others. Meanwhile, Ryanair employed 3,453 people. 2.3 Route Network Both firms have high frequency daily flights (which correspond to â€Å"product availability† for Kasilingam, 1998). Ryanair has even â€Å"been voted as the airline with the best punctuality and highest frequency† (Ryanair Holdings PLC Datamonitor Report, 2007). It operates between 133 airports across 24 countries on 436 routes, carrying approximately 45% of all scheduled travellers traffic between Dublin and London (Ryanair Holdings PLC Datamonitor Report, 2007). Regarding EasyJet, it flies between 74 key European airports providing a transportation service for leisure and business customers on 289 routes in 11 countries which are UK, France, Spain, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Denmark, Italy, Czech Republic, Greece, Germany, and Portugal (see Appendix, Map 1 and 2). 2.4 Passengers According to their respective websites, in 2000 EasyJet transported annually 5.996 million people while Ryanair carried 7.002 million passengers. Last year, in 2006, EasyJet and Ryanair transported respectively 32.953 million and 42.500 million customers (see Appendix, Chart 1). 3. TWO COMPANIES, ONE STRATEGY: COSTS REDUCTION According to Proussaloglou and Koppelman (1999), when passengers choose a flight, they try to maximise their â€Å"air travel utility†. In their analysis, the elements that influence the choice of travellers are â€Å"the market presence, quality of service, frequent flyer membership, fare levels and travel restriction, and schedule convenience offered by each available flights†. Do EasyJet and Ryanair meet travellers’ requirements? Ryanair’s Chief Executive Michael OLeary is obsessed about keeping costs down and said We want to be known as the Wal-Mart of flying (Maier, 2006) In order to be competitive and be able to offer low fare airline services, LCA try to cut all unnecessary costs so that they can boost their tight profit margins. Regarding the â€Å"placement of facilities†, EasyJet flies mainly to leading airports while Ryanair uses far more secondary airports; In so doing, they reduce costs as secondary airports are generally â€Å"less congested than major airports and can be expected to provide higher rate of on-time departures† (Ryanair Holdings PLC Datamonitor Report, 2007). O’Leary wants to make air travel free (free as in zero cost). By the end of the decade, he promises, more than half of our passengers will fly free (Maier, 2006). EasyJet gains efficiencies through rapid turnaround times (30 minutes and below) and progressive landing chares agreements with the airports. Free seating which is offered by both airlines, contributes to the rapid turnarounds. The use of an innovative distribution system such as the Internet enables EasyJet and Ryanair to reduce their distribution costs. Over 90% of all seats on EasyJet’s flights are sold over the Internet, making them one of Europe’s biggest Internet retailers. â€Å"Ticketless† travel reduces costs as it eliminates the cost of issuing, distributing, processing and reconciling millions of tickets each year. Furthermore the Internet allows travellers to book; change and view flights 24 hours a day which is referred to, by Kasilingam as â€Å"accuracy of filling an order† (Kasilingam, 1998). LCA do not, in general, provide loyalty cards to attract frequent flyers, thereby avoid the setting up and maintenance costs of the service. Other ways in which EasyJet and its main rival reduce costs include not serving meals to passengers on their flights, which reduces the cleaning fee. It also means charging passengers for practically every amenity they might consume. 4. LOGISTICS ISSUES Kasilingam (1998) defines logistics as the â€Å"process of moving, storing and retrieving material, people and information efficiently and economically†, then goes on to divide its system into major planning areas: 4.1 Customer service levels â€Å"Product availability† and â€Å"accuracy of filling an order† have already been mentioned in sub-sections 2.4 and 3.1 respectively. ? Regarding staff language skills we can say that English being one of the most popular language worldwide, staff members from United Kingdom are advantaged. But, it is not enough. Both companies require their cabin crew to be fluent in written and spoken English. No other languages are required and no language training is conducted. According to Ryanair and EasyJet passengers’ comments, staff language skills are respectively â€Å"very poor† and â€Å"poor† (Skytrax). This could be a major problem for both airlines as globalisation is expending very fast. Wanting to avoid language training costs or not hiring enough qualified staff could make them lose customers as it diminishes the quality of the customer service provided. ? This lack of skills can also result in complaints. EasyJet and Ryanair had to face lot of complaints regarding the fact that there is no information about compensation for missing a flight and no attempt to provide alternates solutions to travellers. Some passengers put forward the fact that it is cheap but the cheap prices do not in any way make up for the lack of services (Skytrax). The fact that these companies are viewed as â€Å"money grabbing tactics† users is damaging both companies’ brand image and reduces their competitiveness. 4.2 Location decision The competitive advantage taken from â€Å"Placement of facilities† has already been discussed in sub-section 3.1. 4.3 Transportation Management â€Å"Transportation mode, fleet size, route selection and just in time† have been examined in section 2. But we can also point out that the creation of new route networks leads to another logistics issue. More routes imply more flights and consequently more planes. This means that, the more routes companies take on, the more planes they will have to purchase. Apart from Kasilingam major planning areas, companies like airlines have to face other issues related to logistics: 4.4 Petrol We all know that petrol is one of the commercialised goods that suffer fluctuation nearly everyday. It affects not only direct consumers in gas stations (car/motorcycle owners) but also airline companies who generally augment ticket prices to cover the rises. Ryanair remains one of the only airlines to guarantee no fuel surcharges ever, prompting even more passengers to flock to their lowest fares. This marketing strategy allows the firm to keep the same price range whatever the variation of petrol price. In doing so, its customers will not be affected and thus not disappointed by the petrol fluctuation. 4.5 Airlines and the Nature 4.5.1 Environment By owning young fleet and flying to short haul destination, with an average of 954 kilometers in 2006, EasyJet was able to reduce CO2 emissions and fuel burn per passenger kilometre. Ryanair has as well achieved to reduce fuel consumption and emissions of almost 52% between 1998 and 2006 (Ryanair). Both airline companies deliver travellers directly to their destination, it is to say with only one flight (point-to-point).This avoid passengers to take connection flights which necessitate two take-offs and two landings, in so doing both airlines limit emissions. This concern for environmental issues does not go unnoticed by clients and, like for the petrol issue, it permits both companies to gain new clients and/or keep their customers. 4.5.2 Climate Bad weather is a big worry for airlines, and LCA are well known for their lack of organisation when it happens. Kevin Shanahan, an EasyJet client, witnesses on the 20th March 2007 on a Skytrax passenger forum: â€Å"Inbound flight to Geneva couldnt land due to bad weather late at night. Found out by phoning home before EasyJet told us at the airport. No help from EasyJet staff to find a hotel for the night (Too late for tourist information), no help to get transport to the hotel. Insufficient places on flight next day [†¦]†. Once again disappointment is present. 5. CONCLUSION â€Å"The traditional low-cost model has been that of the charter or non-scheduled airlines which have been such a success in Europe. But the second model introduced into Europe in the late 1990’s is that of the point-to-point, low-cost, no-frills scheduled airlines like EasyJet and Ryanair† (Doganis, 2001). Europe’s LCA models are without a doubt EasyJet and Ryanair, but as every other firm, they have to cope with logistics issues. In this report we have tried to examine them at a strategic level, not focusing on what they do and how, but on WHY. 7. REFERENCES ? Cranfield College of Aeronautics, 2000. Europe’s Low Cost Airlines. An Analysis of the economics and operating characteristics of Europe’s charter and low costs scheduled carriers. Air Transport Group, Cranfield University, Cranfield. ? Doganis, R. (2001) The Airline Business in the 21st Century. New York: Routledge ? Easyjet, About us (2006) Information pack. [Cited 20th March 2007]. ? Kasilingam, R.G. (1998) Logistics and Transportation: design and planning. Kluwer Academic. ? Maier, M. (2006) A radical fix for airlines: Make flying free. Business 2.0 Available on CNN Money website ? Proussaloglou, K. and Koppelman, F. S., 1999. The choice of air carrier, flight, and fare class. Journal of Air Transport Management. 5: 193-201. ? Ryanair, About us (2007). [Cited 21st March 2007]. ? Ryanair Holdings PLC Datamonitor Report, 2007. ? Skytrax, Airline Ranking (2007). [Cited 26th March 2007] ? Yahoo, Finance UK (2007) Investing. [Cited 15th March 2007] Research Papers on Logistics Issues Facing Both Easyjet and RyanairNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasOpen Architechture a white paperMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Project Managment Office SystemInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

Geographic Information Systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Geographic Information Systems - Research Paper Example This computerized system would ease the timely calculation of the organization’s payroll and with very little chance of any errors in those calculations. If witnessed on a larger scale, there is a number of information handling requirements of organizations. Every organizational level within a business needs certain information in order to execute the set of processes at that level. Managers at the higher management level need to make decisions for which they need results of reports and data analysis. This enables them to successfully embed the processed information into their decision making procedures. Likewise, managers at the middle managerial level would need more simplified information that would enable them to keep an eye over the day to day ongoing business activities. Thus, it may well be said that the execution of a full day of business processes running within an organization requires the operating of a number of information systems simultaneously each of which woul d cater to the specific requirements at each organizational level. Following is a narration of a specific type of information systems termed as the Geographical Information Systems. The narration has been done in first person. GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) My name is Geographical Information System. I am a perfect example of practically implemented Information systems. WHY AM I IMPORTANT (WHY IS A GIS IMPORTANT?) The geography of land on which human beings live is of immense importance to them. Ever since the ancient times of the human society these living beings have looked up locations of areas to analyze the possibility of presence of prey in that particular area. The early hunters based their living on moving from one location to the other. Geographical importance of land and the details of its terrain have been of integral importance to man since centuries ago. Maps, spatial information have been the source of discovery and planning since times unknown. Geographical ma pping is the most integral use of the geographical information at hand. Looking up the route to a particular location is among the most basic ways in which geographical information helps. Spatial information, on the other hand, affects the most basics of human society such as the growing up of crops, the production of energy, the making of clothes worn by man. With the discovery of computing technology all the geographical and spatial information was put to even better use. It was possible only after the integration of computing technology that my creation was planned. My development was aimed as the making of a tool that would be able to assist human beings with the geographic knowledge associated with themselves and their belongings. I am designed to help in the gathering and use of spatial data. I embed within myself certain technological features such as advanced networking abilities for establishing effective and timely communication, space age data collectors for maintaining a ny data collection in massive databases for future use and other highly sophisticated and intricate computing features. My capabilities and features continue to evolve with the passing of time since technological advancements are rising on a very rapid rate. These ever-developing technological changes are making my systems more enhanced with every passing unit time. The basic

We can but should we The purpose of this assignment is to investigate Article

We can but should we The purpose of this assignment is to investigate safeguards and apply ethical principles to the use health care technology - Article Example With such deliberations, it would be necessary to assess and articulate issues arising as a result of EHR introduction. The Chip is argued to contain no medical records, but it is the code in it that is revealed – and only in doctor’s office or hospital. The code is argued to be unlocked by healthcare providers in order to access that person’s medical information (Mollar, 2009). However, there is much to think about other than the safety of EHR. For example, with the announcement of intentions to introduce EHR, different companies have shown interest in venturing into the business of making the gadget. This is evidenced by the way these companies are making partnerships with various healthcare institutions. For example, â€Å"Emdat announced a partnership with IBJI, MediRew announced a new client with Bon Secours Charity Health System, and Philips announced the implementation of it enterprise-wide clinical informatics technology at Baptist Health South Florida (BHSF) among many others† (Miliard, 2012, Para 2, 3 and4). In this regard, it can be argued that the issue of EHR is endorsed by certain forces which among them include entrepreneurial urge. Proponents of EHR argue that EHR could help reduce errors in medical records (Mollar, 2009). To some extent, this can be argued to be true because no doubt that hand written records are subject to errors and omissions. It is also argued that, with written records, the likelihood of losing records is high. Cases of lost or missing files or files being misplaced have been reported in the past. Additionally, catastrophes like fire and floods have in the past destroyed physical records. In light with this, digital record is argued to store records for a long time (Mollar, 2009). It can also help keep health information that patients tends to forget with time. EHRs are also argued to

How does Descartes use the example of wax to reinforce his argument of Term Paper

How does Descartes use the example of wax to reinforce his argument of the existence of the self - Term Paper Example e I am) which implies that one’s consciousness, set of thoughts or thinking or ability to doubt would give proof of his own existence because of the ‘I’ or ego that conceives it (R. Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy) This is all the more reinforced when Descartes came up with the â€Å"wax argument† in substantiating his proof on the existence of the self. To Descartes, the program of radical doubt must be established on a solitary endeavor or more appropriately, a deliberate isolation which forms the nature of his philosophical work having been freed of social or emotional disturbances enabling him to inquire â€Å"What shall I say of the mind itself, that is, of myself? For as yet I do not admit that I am anything but mind. What, then! I who seem to possess so distinct an apprehension of the ‘piece of wax’, do I not know myself, both with greater truth and certitude, and also much more distinctly and clearly? For if I judge that the wax exists because I see it, it assuredly follows, much more evidently, that I myself am or exist, for the same reason: for it is possible that what I see may not in truth be wax, and that I do not even possess eyes with which to see anything; but it cannot be that when I see, or, which comes to the same thing, when I think I see, I myself who think am nothing (Descartes, Meditation II).â⠂¬  Basically, Descartes proposed the â€Å"wax argument† in two stages being – â€Å"(1) the argument from change; and (2) the argument from intellection then personified the â€Å"wax† in an entity called ‘Bob’ who sits on the mantle as time ‘t’ passes (Graziano, 2011)†. It is claimed that at an instant, Bob is found with initial properties such as those which the senses are susceptible to experience in terms, for instance, of temperature change, phase shift, or shape transformation. â€Å"At time ‘t’, Bob can assume the shape of an orb while being cold and solid at the same time while at some time after ‘t’ he may

Comparison of the theories of feminism

Comparison of the theories of feminism Feminism has a movement has gained momentum in recent pasts to the extent that there are a number of gender gains the world over. The theories of feminism are categorized into five, some of which are distinct and other closely related. These are: Liberal Feminism, Socialist Feminism; Radical Feminism; Post-Modern Feminism; and Multicultural feminism. However, this paper zeroes down on two, namely Liberal and Radical feminism, in an attempt to show the contribution that feminism has made (or continues to make) in the contemporary social analysis. Liberal Feminism Some of the proponents of this category of feminism include Mary Wollstonecraft, John Stuart Mill, Betty Friedan and Rebecca Walker. Liberal feminism is an individualistic form of feminism because it is generally based on womens ability to assert their equality through their own actions and choices. This is what Eleanor calls faith in rationality (Eleanor, 1996). Accordingly, the starting point for promoting such equality is based on individual interaction between men and women and that women can change their circumstances. Liberal feminism looks at the personal interactions of men and women as the starting ground from which to transform society into a more gender-equitable place. The issues important t to liberal feminists include reproductive rights and abortion access, sexual harassment, voting, education, fair compensation for work, affordable childcare, affordable health care, and bringing to light the frequency of sexual and domestic violence against women. The basic tenet of liberal feminism is that it is anchored on legal and political reform as a means to ensuring equality between men and women. This, according to them, is tailored on looking at the government through lobby groups to bring about legislative changes that promote gender equity. This brings about social and economic equity. Susan Wendell, citing the work of Mackinnon (1987) () says that contemporary feminism is committed to major economic reorganization and considerable redistribution of wealth, since one of the modern political goals most closely associated with liberal feminism is equality of opportunity which would undoubtedly require and lead to both. Liberal feminists argue that all people are equal and that rationality in correcting class differences should be the way to go. How then does this contribute to social analysis? It does so by seeing the oppression of women as not structural feature of capitalistic economic system. Further, the concept of education as a means to changing womens status quo has had remarkable gains in recent times. Additionally, the ongoing debate and actions in the world concerning expansion of women participation has fundamentally centered on inclusiveness into the socio-economic as well as the political mainstream, Radical Feminism Using Mackinnon, (1987:16), Eleanor observes that that radical feminism is not one form of feminism, but simply feminism unmodified. Therefore, many others forms of feminism was only a response to male psyche modification of feminism as it were. (Eleanor, 1996) Feminism in its radical sense has it that society is a patriarchy that primarily oppresses women thus radical feminists seek to disband patriarchy. In this, they recognize that womens oppression is the fundamental oppression. They further assert profoundly that sexism is at the heart of patriarchy especially in the family. Willis (1981), for example, in an essay Lust Horizons: Is the womens movement pro-sex argues against making alliances with the political right in opposition to pornographyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In a way they in this sense, echo the Marxist belief that if women wanted to deal with the shackles of patriarchy, then they must deal with the issue of reproduction. (Willis, 1981) According to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, most radical feminists do not universally argue for the criminalization of pornography or objectification of women, but rather that in the absence of patriarchy, the public demand for such materials would drastically decrease as a much smaller percentage of the population would be aroused by viewing womens oppression and degradation Conclusively, radical feminism is anchored on total restructuring if society an extreme view which would call for severing relationships with men, that is ending heterosexual relationship with me. Radical feminists seem to believe that the way to deal with patriarchy and oppression of all kinds is to address the underlying causes of these problems through revolution. Q2. Cognitive Theory of Social comparison in explaining Crowd behavior at a large (50,000+) sporting events Introduction A crowd can be defined in a number of ways but the widely accepted definition of crowd is that of large groups of individuals in the same physical environment, sharing a common goal. Usually such individuals act in a different way than when they are alone. (Reading, 1996): In a football match scenario, understanding the behavior of the crowd can be grounded on cognitive theory of social comparison. This theory as advanced by Festinger (1952), asserts that people tend to compare their behavior with others that are most like them. Muss and Thulman (1986) using the ideas of Festinger gives a more specific assertion by saying that people, when lacking objective means for appraisal of their opinions and capabilities, compare their opinions and capabilities to those of others that are similar to them. In the process, they attempt to correct any differences found. Basis on this social comparison theory may explain crowd behavior in a football match in the following ways: Common Stimulus between crowd participants According to Muss and Thulman (1986), one of the social comparisons theory implications is group formation. This according to them happens to the extent that self evaluation can only be accomplished by means of comparison with other persons. Festinger attributes this to the fact people in a crowd are driven by the desire to belong to the group. In other words, they tend to move to a group which belongs to them and which share their opinion and who have almost similar ability. For instance, it is common to see football fans that support a particular team more interested in being within the physical boundaries of their fellow supporters or those who share in their fantasy. Imitational behavior Using Festinger ideas, Muse and Thulman (1986) explains that the existence of a discrepancy in a group with respect to opinions or abilities will lead to action on the part of members of that group to reduce the discrepancy This should explain some behaviors in a football match setting, including one person starting to sing and the others who support the same team following swiftly. Other examples would include, booing a player, usually started by one person and followed swiftly by others. A more propounding illustration is such crowd behavior in an event of a stampede. Usually people will tend to run to one direction regardless of if the cause of fear is genuine or not, as long as the one of their own signals them to do so. Q3. Use sociological theories or concepts to help explain Listening to music on a portable music device Introduction It is common today to see people across all ages and gender alike carrying and listening to music through portable devices publicly. This happens when they are in the office, driving, reading and even walking among others While there should be a number of theories that can explain this phenomenon, system theory, does that at best in trying to justify the tight schedules that the contemporary society puts on people and the dilemmas therein. In so doing it zeroes on multitasking as the issue or as a prime causality to this. System theory System theory may be traced back to the ideas of George Hegel (1770-1831), who saw the world as operating within the push of different poles, in the process creating a conflict which negates a solution for the functioning of the whole system. Hegel imagined that the world was controlled by two opposing poles pulling towards opposite direction. He called one pole the thesis and the opposing side the antithesis. According to him, these two struggle to create an agreed position he called the synthesis, which interestingly also come to create the thesis, the antithesis and the cycle goes on and on. In a way, one would argue that this corresponds directly to the conflict theory, but for the purposes of looking at the phenomenon as a response to holistic demands, the perspective is tied to system theory. (Pippin, 1989) Notably, the person who qualified system theory as we know it today (within a structural functionalism paradigm) is Von Bertalanffy is a book titled General system theory: Foundations, Development, Applications in 1968. He, as a biologist, endeavored to employ organismic knowledge to use the word system to describe those principles which are common to a general system. In the book, he says that there exist models, principles, and laws that apply to generalized systems or their subclasses, irrespective of their particular kind, the nature of their component elements, and the relationships or forces between them. It seems legitimate to ask for a theory, not of systems of a more or less special kind, but of universal principles applying to systems in general System theory is based on the belief that for a system (a being, an entity, an organization among others) to work sufficiently, all the parts of that system must be in order, and that there is interrelatedness of the parts. To qualify this theory in understanding the portable music system public use phenomenon, it is important to relate it to the numerous issues that todays human responds to, within the confluence of multitasking and not able to respond to other demands of life. Therefore, listening to portable music while responding to other systems, not only works to perpetuate interrelatedness of demands of today but also in satisfying his/her needs.

Tender is the Night Essay -- Fitzgerald Literature Essays

Tender is the Night â€Å"Servant trouble†¦political worries†¦almost neurosis†¦drinking increased†¦arguments with Scottie†¦quarrel with Hemingway†¦quarrel with Bunny Wilson†¦quarrel with Gerald Murphy†¦breakdown of car†¦tight at Eddie Poe’s†¦sick again†¦first borrowing from mother†¦sick†¦ ‘The Fire’†¦Zelda weakens and goes to Hopkins†¦one servant and eating out.† (Mayfield 207) A short excerpt from F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Ledger provides a small sample of the many hurdles Fitzgerald struggled to overcome while slaving away nine years with Tender is the Night. The labor which accompanied Fitzgerald’s fourth novel was not anticipated by the author. He had first envisioned Tender is the Night to be â€Å"something really new in form, idea, and structure—the model for the age that Joyce and Stein are searching for, that Conrad didn’t find†(Scribner 1). But disease, relative poverty, and heartbreak plagued Fitzgerald and repeatedly interrupted his work on the novel. Tender is the Night finally appeared on April 12, 1934. But despite Fitzgerald’s high expectations of hot reviews, the reception was, at best, luke warm. The novel sold only thirteen thousand copies and left Fitzgerald’s ego bruised and his hopes of its estimable success unfulfilled. Ernest Hemingway offered little praise. The characters, he believed, were â€Å"beautifully faked case histories rather than people† (Mayfield 209). Similarly unimpressed, Hal Borland of the Philadelphia Ledger remarked on April 13, 1934, â€Å"Most of the themes [of Tender is the Night] seem better fitted for clinical studies than for fiction. Fitzgerald’s novel is admirably done, and its dozens of cross-currents are well handled. But it is not the important nov... ...the critics’ reception of Tender is the Night. Though short in length, Scribner reveals several excerpts from Fitzgerald’s letters and personal writings which present for the readers a more personal view of Fitzgerald, the author. http://people.brandeis.edu/~teuber/fitzgeraldbio.html This website lists Fitzgerald’s published works and offers a detailed biography of the author himself. The highlighted texts serve to differentiate different eras in Fitzgerald’s life. The site also offers several links wherein additional information regarding influential people and events can be researched. http://www.sc.edu/fitzgerald.com This website summarizes Fitzgerald’s life as well as the general reception of his novels. It also touches on the many hurdles Fitzgerald came across during his nine years of struggling with his fourth novel, Tender is the Night.

Job Roles and Working Arrangements At Richer Sounds Essay

Levels of Hierarchy: are the layers of authority within an organisation. Spans of control: A span of control is the number of workers directly supervised by a more senior employee. Whereas an organisation chart shows how employees fit into the business, a job description gives details about what is expected of the individual employee. Job applicants normally receive a job description when they apply for a position with a business. A job description usually consists of: 1) The title of the job (e.g. sales manager). 2) The tasks to be completed as part of the job (e.g. having to write monthly sales reports, in the case of a sales manager). 3) The responsibilities of the job (e.g. a sales manager might be responsible for managing a team of sales representatives). 4) Information on working conditions linked to the job, such as rates of pay, hours to be worked and holidays. 5) A description of how the job fits into the organisational structure. UK businesses have employed increasing number of part-time and temporary employees. They have also used self-employed workers, who hire out their skills to firms but are their own bosses. At the same time, businesses have made use of more flexible contracts of employment, in some cases with annualised hours (hours worked in a year) included instead of hours per week. High proportions of these types of employees in businesses are called flexible workforces. In recent years, a number of trends have emerged in the UK’s workforce, including: More temporary workers: The number of workers on temporary contracts has risen since the early 1980’s although in the last few years it has levelled out. In 2000, nearly two million workers were on temporary contracts. Use of annualised hours: Many businesses face an uneven pattern of work over the year. For example, farms are very busy in the summer months harvesting crops, but are quiet in the winter. Without annualised hours, farmers might pay overtime in the summer and not have enough work to keep employees busy during the winter months. More part-time working: The number of employees within the UK who work part-time has increased each year. By 200, more than one-quarter of all employees – nearly seven million people – were part-time workers. Self-Employment: The number of self-employed has fallen recently, but 2.5 million people still work for themselves. Hiring consultants: Many businesses have replaced full-time employees with consultants, who work for a business for a short time. Consultants are usually very highly skilled, for example IT experts. Use of contractors: Many businesses employ other firms to carry out particular duties. The exact arrangements are set out in a contract between the businesses involved. It is common, for example, to hire contract staff for cleaning, rather than use permanent full-time employees. Managers: Managers play a vital role in businesses; 1) They have responsibility for an aspect of the business’s work under the guidance from the director. For example, a manager might take responsibility for employee training, under guidance from the director of human resources. 2) Managers plan activities, look after teams of employees, manage finances and attempt to meet targets set by the directors of the business. 3) Managers’ jobs are normally secure, as they usually have permanent full-time contracts. Managers often have a professional qualification in an area such as accountancy or marketing. They need to be good communicators, able to use IT, use time effectively and control finances. Managers’ pay varies according to the seniority of the position, but it can be over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100,000 a year. Other benefits that are common are company cars and private health insurance. Supervisors: In some businesses supervisors are also called team leaders. Supervisors provide a link between operatives and managers. They; 1) Monitor work of junior employees. 2) Ensure that production and quality targets set by managers are met whenever possible. 3) Advise managers of problems or difficulties in the work of the business. In some businesses supervisors have been given responsibility for some of the roles previously carried out by managers. For instance, they may recruit new employees or lead training sessions. The pay of supervisors depends on how much authority they have, but they are normally paid more than operatives. Operatives: The most junior employees in the business are the operatives. In a factory, they would work on the production line; in a shop they would be the sales assistants. Their role in a business is as follows; 1) They are normally only responsible for their own work. 2) They usually carry out routine tasks, though some employers do provide more varied and interesting work. 3) They often have little job security. Many are employed on temporary contracts, and when the contract runs out they may find themselves unemployed. Others find they are no longer needed because their jobs have been replaced by machinery. 4) In a minority of businesses, they are allowed to take decisions such as stopping the production line to remove poor-quality products. Many operatives are relatively unskilled. Sales assistants may have some training and qualifications in customer service, but some factory workers on production lines have no qualifications. Because of this, pay rates for operatives are normally low.| Support Staff: The support staff provides Specialist skills in businesses. They may offer expertise in the areas of security or information technology or provide secretarial skills. Support staff can operate at various levels in the organisation; 1) They offer advice and assistance in their specialist areas to employees. Thus, IT staff may recommend new software or hardware, provide training and sort out computer problems. 2) Some support staff are managers looking after teams of people are in charge on finances; others carry out routine tasks. 3) Senior support staff take important decisions, such as spending on computer systems. There are two working arrangements at Richer sounds, one is for permanent and temporary colleagues and the other is for full-time and part-time colleagues. Information on these working arrangements follow; Working arrangements for permanent and temporary colleagues: The vast majority of their colleagues are employed permanently. They are all issued with a written contract of employment. At Christmas Richer S0unds employ greeters in their stores to greet and assist customers at busy times. Their greeters are temporary colleagues who work for a short time and their work ends after the sale period. Many are students at college or university who work for them during their Christmas holidays. Richer Sounds do not issue written contracts to temporary colleagues, neither do we keep personnel records for them. However, they do receive a mini-welcome pack, which explains how Richer Sounds operates. Working arrangements for full-time and part-time colleagues: Most of thei colleagues work full time, although their hours may vary. A normal working week for store colleagues is 42.5 hours although in some of their stores which are open from 12 noon – 7 pm, colleagues may work fewer hours. Departmental support colleagues work 40 hours a week. Richer Sounds don’t use the term ‘part-time’. Colleagues who don’t work the full number of hours are called career key timers. They have access to all the same training opportunities and benefits as the full-time colleagues.

A right to good healthcare Essays

A right to good healthcare Essays A right to good healthcare Essay A right to good healthcare Essay Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility This is the United States of America, land of the free. Good health care is a right, not a privilege. Healthcare (including public health) is special because it protects normal functioning, which in turn protects the range of opportunities open to individuals (Daniels N. 2001 pig. 2). Currently President Obama has been trying to change the way health care is approached in the United States. He is facing quite a bit of opposition in his ideas that the government should provide health care for all Americans. No matter what your stance is on President Beams healthcare plan, we all realize that it is better to have health insurance than not. With prescription-drug costs being so out of control, many people have to choose between food and their prescriptions. Which is Just not right, the fact is that health care is out of control. If healthcare was made more affordable it would actually end up costing taxpayers less in the long run because the expense of having to pay for uninsured patients medical expenses is so high. The cost of going to a doctor is so high that many dont even other until it is often too late. Having experience a major health issue myself at the last minute, because I am not offered any type of healthcare insurance through my job. Many Americans Just cannot afford the cost of health insurance. In this paper I will address several issues on why healthcare is so important to Americans; such as the types of preventative care needed. Ways to prevent diseases, screenings and causes. The reasons many Americans Just do not have any type of healthcare coverage. Preventative Care The emphasis on preventative healthcare is all for good reasons. By maintaining f opportunities (or plans of life) reasonable people would choose in a given society (Daniel, N. 2001, pig. 2). Many people without access to healthcare only go to the Doctors after they have been ill or injured. We all know that regular exercise, a good nutritious diet, not smoking, and drinking to excess is the best course to minimize health problems and reduce the amount of money spent on health care. Along with life style selections we make the environment in which we live and work are critical to good preventative health practices. Prenatal Care is a preventative care practice. Women in developing countries are bleeding to death after giving birth, writhing in the convulsions of clamps, and collapsing from days of futile contractions, knowing that they have suffocated their babies to death (Maine, D Yamin,A, 1999, pig. 562). Getting good prenatal care is very important for the expectant mother and the unborn child. Many pregnant women in Georgia receive free prenatal care for their unborn child. This is great for the many women like myself that do not have healthcare insurance, and do not make enough money to actually pay out of pocket to have a baby. There are so many doctors appointments, screenings, and tests that need to be taken as a precaution before a mother gives birth. Moreover, according to the World Bank, although men and women between the ages of fifteen and forty-four lose approximately the same number of years of healthy life due to disease, there is no single cause of death and disability for men that comes close to the magnitude of maternal death and disability (Maine, D Hyman, A. 1999, pig. 564). Many women choose not to participate in having prenatal care, either from being in such denial, embarrassment, and even religious beliefs. This could be very dangerous to both mother and baby, many tests and screenings could have shown if the pregnancy needed to be aborted or if there is a complication such as the umbilical cord wrapped around the babys neck, or th e baby may be breached (the baby head is not down for delivery). Also tests can detect birth defects which are physical abnormalities that may be caused by inherited genes, genetic mutations, or environmental factors. Technology is so advanced now many expectant mothers are offered D and D visual of their precious baby. Even learning the sex of the unborn baby can be very exciting for new parents, but all which is very expensive to those that do not have medical coverage in place. Well care check-ups are so important staring with infants. Most infants have their first well-baby exam within the first few days to weeks after birth. Even when things are going well, frequent checkups during the first year are an important way to monitor the babys growth and development. Many parents have their children vaccinated according to their age. These vaccines are to help prevent many childhood diseases, not saying that the child still may not get sick, but it is a great prevention plan all parents should participate in. As parents it is very important that, they make sure their children stay on the vaccinated scheduled for their age. Many children must have all their immunization done before they can enter kindergarten. Other screenings are ear, eye, and dental checks. Many low-income or single parent homes, their children may be eligible for the Medicaid Program. This helps assists many single mothers with keeping up with their children well-care check-ups, vision and dental screenings. Well care check-ups go on into adult hood, many people that employers that do not offer any healthcare tend to slack up on doctor visits. But regular check-ups are still very important, certain age screenings are still needed. Early diagnosis for many diseases can be detected. Being without healthcare insurance, I was put into a life-threatening health scare in 2009, and it could have been prevented if I had been receiving regular check-ups, but like millions of Americans around the world, the cost are Just beyond high. Also, many Americans feel as though they are treated differently if they do not have any type of health coverage. Without co-pay at the time, one may be sent home without the proper screenings or sets run, and this is and can be very scary, and could be life-threatening. Long-term illnesses sometimes may not be able to be prevented, but detecting them early can save a person life. Cancers, Diabetes, HIVE/AIDS are a few long term diseases, even though some are not preventable, but when detected early your chances of either recovering or living comfortable with it may be easier. Many people feel like do not ask do not tell, or if it is not broke then do not fix it. These feelings can sometimes cause many people to be severely sick and suffer, or cause an unexpected death. This all could have been prevented with regular check-ups. Education is also an important factor; many people Just do not have the knowledge on the type of signs and symptoms on many illnesses. This is why having regular check-ups are so important. Disease Prevention Disease Prevention is a very important role in healthcare. Prevention comes with check-ups, screenings, and knowledge. There are so many diseases that cannot be prevented, but can be treated with antibiotics and other medicines. Several of those diseases are: Arthritis, Alchemists, and Cancers cannot be prevented, but they can be treated. There are two common types of Arthritis which are Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid. There are commercials that have different types of medicines to help with the pain of Arthritis. Many people have seen the Celebrate commercial. Alchemists is a type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. The most common symptom is difficulty remembering, and usually develops slowly and get worse over time, becoming severe enough to interfere with daily tasks. As Alchemists advance it leads to severe symptoms, including disorientation, mood and behavior changes. Alchemists has no current cure, but reattempts for symptoms are available and research continues. Cancer is characterized by an abnormal growth of cells. There are more than 100 types of cancer, including breast cancer, skin cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, and lymphoma. Cancer symptoms vary widely based on the type of cancer. Cancer currently has no cure, but treatment options include: includes chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. With early and proper treatment these diseases can make living with them a lot easier. Later detection can result in emergency surgeries, long term pain, and even death. Diseases that can be prevented are Sexual Transmitted Diseases (Studs) and HIVE/AIDS. Studs are infectious diseases that spread from person to person through sexual contact. Studs can affect anyone who is having sex. Studs are common among teens, since they are at a higher risk, its important to learn what you can do to protect yourself, things simple as abstinence, and condoms. If untreated, some Studs can cause serious health AIDS). Early detection can cure some Studs, with medication such as antibiotics. As stated in (Bible, G. 2007, pig. 1086), amidst denial, stigma, and inaction, AIDS became he first major epidemic of present-day globalization. Of more than 40 million people estimated to be HIVE-infected worldwide, 95 percent live in middle- or low-income countries, causing life expectancy to drop dramatically in those countries worst hit (Bible, G. 2007, pig. 1086). In late 2003, with only about 400,000 people receiving treatment, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Program on HIVE/AIDS (UNAIDED) announced their goal of having 3 million HIVE-positive people on antimicrobial therapy by 2005 (Bible, G. 2007 pig. 1086). Early detection of HIVE/AIDS can allow someone to live comfortable with the disease while on their medication. Reasons many do not have Coverage Statistics show that people without health insurance do not get their health checked regularly and therefore are at a greater risk of having something that may have been prevented happen later on. Given the cost of even basic insurance, many people of modest means who do not qualify for Medicaid cannot reasonably afford insurance without subsidy (Mizzen, P. 2011, pig. 86). The high expense of going to a doctor visit is why most people without insurance do not go to the doctor and this is something hat should be changed as well. Costs of medical insurance as well as the cost of having health insurance all need to be made more affordable for Americans so they will take better care of themselves. Having health insurance is important because coverage helps people get timely medical care and improves their lives and health (Levy, H , M. 2004, pig. 110). Its sometimes about $500 or more to see a doctor, and then add lab tests, x-rays, etc. Many will see their family doctor if it is not a true emergency. There is a reason why they are called Emergency Rooms there are walk- n clinics everywhere. At your family Doctor get the same treatment at half the price. You also are not taking up space when someones life may be at stake, and truly need the emergency room. There are new triage system evaluates your symptoms and can even refuse to admit you to the ERE, referring you to your family doctor, where you should probably go in the first place. Many people will go to the ERE because they think they cant be refused, and think they can be seen at no cost to them. Verses going to their own doctor, they may have to pay a co-pay or office visit, and even have o take a prescription to their local pharmacy and have to buy their own meds. Since 1989, the federal Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (METAL) have prohibited hospitals from refusing acute care to those who cannot afford to pay (Mizzen, P. 2011, pig. 83). Realistically, when hospitals live up to this requirement, it is difficult for them to confine the care they provide to the emergency room (Mizzen, P. 2011, pig. 83). Patients who are not kept on for further acute care outside the emergency room will likely Just show up again, incurring more emergency room care for which they are not insured. Self-employed individuals have limited choices when it comes to health insurance coverage. Many go without going to have regular check- ups and preventative care screenings. They can buy an individual plan, start a group policy or forgo coverage altogether. However, even having coverage wont guarantee financial security in the event of medical catastrophe. A business group insurance policy costs members less because the financial risk for the insurance company is better coverage, there are many ways for self-employed people to Join a group. Most people obtain health coverage through a health plan offered by their employer. However, many people have become unemployed either to termination, Job closures, and even being laid off. Currently state and federal law allows people who have recently become unemployed to continue their previous health coverage for some time. If one loses their group coverage for employment-related reasons, some may be able to continue your coverage for a limited time. Employees who stay at a Job, but lose coverage eligibility because of a reduction in the number of hours they work, are also usually able to elect to continue their coverage. The employer is no longer squired to contribute any amount toward premium costs, so you must pay the full price of coverage yourself. However, continuing a work-sponsored plan may still be more affordable than purchasing coverage individually Conclusion The central moral importance, for purposes of Justice, of preventing and treating disease and disability with effective healthcare services (construed broadly to include public health and environmental measures, as well as personal medical services) derives from the way in which protecting normal functioning contributes to protecting opportunity (Daniels, N. 2001, pig. 2).

Trial by Declaration essays

Trial by Declaration essays Trial of The Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Benjamin Franklin, and Robert R. Livingston for the Continental Congress Presented in Philadelphia at Pennsylvania State House Most authorities accept that the Declaration was first written by Jefferson with input from the other four members of the committee. Jefferson sent drafts to Adams and Franklin and presented the final form to Congress. The ideas they included were often takenword for wordfrom prior documents including Richard Henry Lees Motion to create free and independent States. This document is the sum of many brilliant mens thoughts on Philosophy, Government, and War. Most of all, it clearly presented the frustration all of the Continental Congress was feeling at the time, having been stumped by the Kings childish maneuvers to control the colonies for his benefit and amusement. The following is the Closing Argument of the Prosecuting Attorney in the Court Of The Supreme Judge (God) against the Defense, His Majesty the King of Great Britain; a dramatization of Americas struggle to prove the need for independent government. 'Your Honor, We have seen in the court room evidence and testimony of the People of these Thirteen American Colonies. First we presented for you Experts in Philosophy and Human Rights who clearly identified each persons rights to Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness. These same learned men have defined a Government as, quote, Servant and Defendant of the People. 'Professor Barris, Doctorate of Law, testified that the Laws of His Majesty were unjust and did not benefit my Client, not to mention were created by men who did not represent my Client, the Americans. 'The esteemed Senators present here vow to have been sent home numerous times on the whim of this King. They ...